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City guide

Astana

Kazakhstan's futuristic capital rose almost from scratch on the northern steppe in the late 1990s, and its skyline of glass towers, golden-domed monuments, and Norman Foster-designed landmarks still feels startling against the flat grassland around it. It's a planned, orderly city built for government and business, but the Nur-Alem sphere, Bayterek Tower, and covered Khan Shatyr shopping center give visitors plenty to photograph in a short stay.

Central downtown Astana skyline
Central Downtown Astana 1 by Ken and Nyetta, licensed CC BY 2.0

At a glance

Country
Kazakhstan
Ideal stay
1-2 days
Best for
Architecture fans, a stopover on the way to Central Asia's steppe and lake regions, business travelers.
Typical daily budget
€45-80/day mid-range
Best months
May-June, September (avoiding harsh winter and summer heat)
Airport to center
Nursultan Nazarbayev Airport, ~17km, 25-30 min by taxi
Public transport
Buses and taxis cover the spread-out city; ride-hailing apps work well.
Walkability
Landmark buildings are far apart; walkable in sections but not end to end.
Main language
Kazakh and Russian (both widely used)
Population
1,544,142
Time zone
Asia/Almaty
Curated landmarks
10
Arrival airports
1

Why travelers love it

A capital built from open steppe in under three decades

Kazakhstan moved its capital from Almaty to what became Astana in 1997, and the Left Bank government and business district was built essentially from scratch afterward, giving the city one of the world's most compressed skylines of new construction.

A cluster of Norman Foster-designed landmarks

The British architect designed several of the city's signature buildings, including the tent-shaped Khan Shatyr entertainment center and the glass Palace of Peace and Reconciliation pyramid, each aiming for a different kind of visual statement.

A city that changed its own name twice in recent memory

The city was renamed Nur-Sultan in 2019 in honor of former president Nursultan Nazarbayev, then reverted to Astana in 2022, worth knowing since older maps, articles, and even some signage may still say Nur-Sultan.

Top experiences

Foster's landmark architecture

The city's best-known modern buildings, several by Norman Foster.

  • Khan Shatyr
  • Palace of Peace and Reconciliation
  • Baiterek Tower

Government and ceremonial district

The Left Bank's administrative core along Nurzhol Boulevard.

  • Ak Orda Presidential Palace
  • Nurzhol Boulevard
  • National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Faith and culture

Two of the city's grandest mosques plus its opera house.

  • Hazrat Sultan Mosque
  • Nur-Astana Mosque
  • Astana Opera

A quieter afternoon

Green space away from the monumental architecture.

  • Presidential Park
  • National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Choose your area

  • Left Bank — The new administrative and business district with Bayterek Tower, Khan Shatyr, and government buildings.
  • Right Bank — The older Soviet-era part of the city with more modest architecture and local life.
  • Nurly Zhol — Newer residential and commercial development near the river.
Left Bank landmarks in one day1 day

The core government and architecture district in a single walkable-in-sections loop.

  1. 09:00 · Baiterek Tower — Start at Bayterek Tower for an overview from the observation deck.
  2. 10:30 · Nurzhol Boulevard — Walk Nurzhol Boulevard toward the government district.
  3. 11:15 · Ak Orda Presidential Palace — View the Ak Orda Presidential Palace from the boulevard.
  4. 12:00 · National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan — Spend an hour or more in the National Museum's gold-artifact halls.
  5. 14:00 · Palace of Peace and Reconciliation — Tour the Palace of Peace and Reconciliation pyramid.
  6. 16:00 · Khan Shatyr — Finish at Khan Shatyr for shopping or the indoor beach.
Faith and culture routeHalf day

The city's grandest mosques paired with its opera house.

  1. 10:00 · Hazrat Sultan Mosque — Visit Hazrat Sultan Mosque, Central Asia's largest mosque outside the Middle East.
  2. 11:30 · Nur-Astana Mosque — Continue to the Qatar-funded Nur-Astana Mosque.
  3. 13:00 · Astana Opera — End at Astana Opera; check ahead for an evening performance.
A slower, greener paceHalf day

Parks and open space away from the monumental core.

  1. 10:00 · Presidential Park — Start with a walk through Presidential Park.
  2. 12:00 · National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan — Follow with the National Museum, a short taxi ride away.
  3. 14:30 · Baiterek Tower — Finish at Bayterek Tower nearby.

Practical planning

Getting in from Nursultan Nazarbayev Airport

The airport sits about 17km from the city center; a taxi takes roughly 25-30 minutes, and ride-hailing apps are the most reliable way to book one.

Astana — Wikipedia

Winters are genuinely extreme, plan around it

Temperatures regularly fall well below freezing and can reach around -30°C with strong winds; layered, wind-resistant clothing is essential if visiting outside the May-September window, and outdoor sightseeing should be kept brief.

Astana — Wikipedia

May-June and September avoid the harshest weather

These shoulder-season windows sidestep both the severe winter cold and the peak summer heat, making them the most comfortable time to walk between the city's spread-out landmarks.

Astana — Wikipedia

Landmarks are spread out: plan transport between them

Government and cultural buildings sit along a long ceremonial boulevard rather than a compact walkable core; taxis or ride-hailing apps are worth using to move between the Left Bank sights rather than attempting to walk the whole route.

Astana — Wikipedia

Good to know

  • Brutally cold, windy winters (down to -30°C); the city can feel sterile and spread out with long walks between landmark buildings; limited English outside hotels.

Guide reviewed 2026-08-21.

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